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Armenians in Turkey ((トルコ語:Türkiye Ermenileri); (アルメニア語:Թուրքահայեր, also Թրքահայեր), "Turkish Armenians"), one of the indigenous peoples of Turkey, have an estimated population of 50,000 to 70,000, down from 2 million in 1914. Today, the overwhelming majority of Turkish Armenians are concentrated in Istanbul. They support their own newspapers and schools, and the majority belong to the Armenian Apostolic faith. Until the Armenian Genocide of 1915, most of the Armenian population of Turkey (then the Ottoman Empire) lived in the eastern parts of the country that Armenians call Western Armenia (roughly corresponding to the modern Eastern Anatolia Region). == History == Armenians presently living in Turkey are a remnant of what was once a much larger community that existed for thousands of years, long before the establishment of the Sultanate of Rum. Estimates for the number of Armenian citizens of the Ottoman Empire in the decade before World War I range between 1.3 to 2 million. When Constantinople finally became part of the Ottoman Empire, financial support was given to the Apostolic Church by the Sultan, so it could build churches in the city, which prior to that the Byzantines refused as they viewed the church as heretical. Armenians in the Ottoman Empire were viewed as a Separate millet, and given the status of second class citizens, but were generally treated well until well into the empires existence regardless. Many Armenians gained significant positions in the empire in professions such as banking, which they almost had a monopoly in, with 32/37 Bankers being Armenian,〔The Armenian economic superiority can be seen the best perhaps from the very fact that there were 32 Armenian bankers out of total 37 throughout the Ottoman Empire〕 and the oldest still running Turkish company Zildjian was founded by an Armenian. Starting in the late 19th century, political instability, dire economic conditions, and continuing ethnic tensions prompted the emigration of as many as 100,000 Armenians to Europe, the Americas and the Middle East. This massive exodus from the Ottoman Empire is what started the modern Armenian diaspora worldwide. There was conflict between Armenians and Turks between 1892 and 1915. The Armenian Genocide〔(/gen_bib1.html Extensive bibliography by University of Michigan on the Armenian Genocide )〕 followed in 1915–1916 until 1918, during which the Ottoman government of the time ordered the deportation and killing of 0.9 to 1.2 million Armenians because of alleged political and security considerations. These measures affected a huge majority of Armenians, an estimated 75%-80% of all the Armenians living in the Ottoman Empire during World War I. Many died directly through Ottoman massacres, while others died as a result of Dehydration,Disease, and starvation during the death marches and in the Syrian Desert, and even more due to Kurdish raids on fleeing refugees and on Armenians in the death marches. As for the remaining Armenians in the Eastern parts of the country, they found refuge by 1917–1918 in the Caucasus and within the areas controlled by the newly established Democratic Republic of Armenia. They never returned to their original homes in Eastern Turkey (composed of the six vilayets, namely (Erzurum, Van, Bitlis, Diyarbekir, Mamuretülaziz, and Sivas). An estimated 300,000 Armenians were adopted by Turks and Kurds or married into Muslim populations in a process of Turkification and Kurdification to avoid facing a similar fate.〔. Hrant Dink: "300 bin rakamının abartılı olduğunu düşünmüyorum. Bence daha da fazladır."〕 Their descendants are known as Hidden Armenians and are present throughout Western Armenia, but particularly in Dersim(Tunceli), which witnessed mass conversions. Most of the Armenian survivors from Cilicia and the southernmost areas with Armenians like Diyarbakir ended up in northern Syria and the Middle East. All those who survived the death camps in/deportations to Deir ez-Zor ended up there as well. Armenians deported from areas that were under allied control by 1918, particularly the short lived French Mandate, which had control of southeastern Turkey and all of Cilicia according to the Sykes–Picot Agreement, were able to return to their homes to gather things or search for loved ones. After the fall of French Cilicia, Some of those returnees attempted to stay permanently after the Turks gained the territory back, but were all driven away by the early 1930s due to various reasons.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=A History of Destruction: The Fate of Armenian Church Properties in Adana () )〕 Those who left the Mandate ended up in Syria, France, Armenia, the Americas and the rest of Europe, in that order. The Armenian population suffered a final blow with ongoing massacres and atrocities throughout the period 1920–1923, during the Turkish War of Independence. Those suffering the most were those Armenians remaining in the East and the South of the country, and the Pontic Greeks in the Black Sea Region. By the end of the 1920s, only a sprinkling of non converted Armenians were left in Turkey scattered sparsely throughout the country, with the only viable Armenian population remaining in Istanbul and its environs. At the time of the establishment of the Republic of Turkey, Hatay province was part of Syria, and is why that area still has some established and officially recognized Armenian communities. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Armenians in Turkey」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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